For lenses, check if the specs written for the F-stop is a range, i.e. f3.5-4.5, that means the maximum apperture varies starting from 3.5 downto 4.5 as you set the focal length from minimum to maximum. When you see that the F-stop specs of the lens is stated as constant, i.e. 24-105 F4 L IS USM, this means that it is able to do a constant apperture of F4 from mimum focal length to maximum, i.e. 24mm gives F4, 35mm gives F4, 105mm gives F4.