For Extension Tube, it create a void between the lens and the sensor, hence shorten the minimum focusing distance (increasing magnification).
There will be insignificant light loss or drop in IQ unless you over do it, that when diffraction come into place.
Example of extension tube use (200mm lens stack with 36mm Extension tube at maxi. magnification, photo uncropped)
Reverse lens method is the cheapest method to do macro yet having quality result.
The setback is the short working distance (around 50mm) and had to manually step down.
I had no experience with a G lens for reverse lens. I use a old manual lens, set to wide open during focusing and frame, then step down to desire f-stop prior pressing the shutter.
Example of reverse lens (reverse 24mm lens at max. magnifcation, photo uncropped)
Hope the above help