If you have the abilities to pay everything in one lump sum... who's stopping you ??
For mere mortals like the majority of us... loaning from Govt or Banks is the only way to go. Debt by itself isn't really a bad thing... its borrowing way beyond your ability and/or overspending that is the main problem.
Example - Borrowing huge amount from bank to buy Condo for 'Investment'... with the hope that by renting out the condo, could cover part or all of the bank loan... but should the market crash, as some people hoped... this are the people that will most be affected, along with the Bank. See US Subprime Mortgage Crisis -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis.
My own example...
No Car Loan (because I don't think I need a car nor afford one)
No (extra) Housing Loan for investment
No Credit Card Loan (thank god I could control my spending)
No Credit Card Debt (saw real life example of how credit card debt destroy families... in the form of my father)
HDB loan (currently, still owe $17+K, with $5+K in my CPF).. Again, no way I could afford my own place without taking up this debt.