If you're using the same lens, you can get equally close with either cameras.
But you have more pixel density on the D5100 (photographing the subject with more pixels) and because of the crop factor it will be apparently closer on the D5100 but actually the same as D700.
Same lens so sharpness should be same on the lens side of the equation but I haven't seen comparisons of acuity between the D700 and D5100 sensors. They have different AA filters, microlenses and different default sharpening so its not an easy thing to compare.
But all else being equal, shooting at base ISO with plenty of illumination you should get a more detailed picture with the D5100.