Each film has its own unique characteristics.. usually the best way to do is sample them for yourselves and find out. I would go and buy one or two rolls of each kind
The number after your film is the ISO speed and that indicates sensitivity of film to light. ISO 100 good for outdoors in good light, 200 good for cloudy days, 400-1600 good for lower light, evening, indoors, etc. your knowledge of how ISO works with digital cameras will give you a good idea of how it works for film. Except with film cameras, you change ISO by changing your film.. no such thing as menu or dials
Three kinds of film:
- slides/chromes/transparencies, developed in a process called E-6
- negatives, developed in C-41
- black and white film, developed in B&W chemicals
You don't need to know exactly what goes into the process unless you do your own developing, but it helps to know if someone refers to it.
Cross processing: developing the film in the 'wrong' chemistry (putting slides into C-41, for example, instead of their normal E-6). Makes for very interesting effects.
Types of film:
120 - medium format film for medium format cameras (ie. Holga, Mamiya 645, etc.)
135 - this is "35mm film"
I'll recommend a few to start with. There are many other brands which I have not yet tried so if I leave something out it is because I have no personal experience with it, not because it is 'bad' or anything like that. I'm sure there are lots of GREAT films which I haven't yet had time to play with.
If I'm shooting color I prefer slides because of their brilliant beautiful colors.
Slides:
- Fuji Velvia 50, Velvia 100, Velvia 100F: very VERY saturated and brilliant colors, good for landscapes. May be too saturated for people and may make skin tones appear red
- Fuji Provia 100F: slightly less saturation but still very strong colors. Color balance a bit more 'natural' compared to Velvia. Personal preference, I like Provia a lot
Negatives:
- Fuji Pro 400H: good for lower light
- Fuji Superia 400: cheaper version ('non-pro') of 400H. Good if you want to play with. OK colors, all round general purpose film like the Kodak stuff
Black and white:
- Kodak Tri-X 400: the great classic black and white film
- Ilford HP5 400: Ilford's competitor to Tri-X
- Kodak Plus-X 125 and Ilford FP4 125: slower speed films but less grains. Good for landscape work (but obviously not limited to landscape)
- Ilford Delta 100 and 400: good stuff.. I like